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A pilot study led by CUNY SPH researchers found that relatively simple steps to improve ventilation in New York City nail salons may drastically reduce workers’ exposure to harmful airborne chemicals.
For the study, doctoral students Rachel L. Thompson, A. Michael Ierardi, and Samantha Fisher and Associate Professor Brian Pavilonis tracked six nail salons across Brooklyn, Queens, and Manhattan. Using real-time air quality monitors, they measured levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in nail salon air, chemicals linked to respiratory symptoms, headaches, and long-term health risks.
When salon managers were guided on better use of existing ventilation, such as running exhaust fans consistently or opening doors and windows, average VOC concentrations dropped by as much as 82% in some shops. Overall, chemical exposure declined by approximately 44% on average after the interventions.
The improvements were uneven, however. Salons equipped with both general exhaust (GEV) and local exhaust ventilation (LEV) systems saw improvements, while those relying only on LEV showed little change. One salon without any mechanical ventilation achieved the largest reduction in VOCs by creating cross-drafts with open doors and windows.
Researchers noted that although New York State mandated upgraded salon ventilation in 2016, compliance remains spotty due to high costs, poor training, and technical barriers. Many owners also face pressure balancing worker health with customer comfort, as ventilation systems can be noisy or disruptive.
Lead author Thompson says the findings show low-cost strategies, including natural ventilation, can make a meaningful difference in nail salon air quality. But she emphasized the need for clearer guidance and better training.
“Simple changes in how existing systems are used can substantially improve air quality, but without proper education, many workers and owners don’t realize what’s possible,” she says.
With nearly 4,000 nail salons in New York City employing tens of thousands of mostly immigrant workers, researchers and advocates say ventilation is an urgent occupational health priority.
